The Door Glazing Resource Guide

Teach me about Glazing

Glazing can be categorized into three major groupings:

1. Fire-Rated Only (walls, transoms, borrowed lights)
2. Safety/Impact Rated Only (non-fire rated doors and other hazardous or security applications)
3. Fire and Safety Rated (fire rated doors or any application deemed a hazardous location)

What is a Fire Door Assembly?

• Any combination of a Fire door, a frame, hardware, and other accessories that together provide a specific degree of fire protection to the opening, while at the same time allows building occupants to pass through safely
• Each Manufacturer of the Fire Doors, Glazing and all of the other various Component Parts must be Individually fire tested to achieve a fire rating in minutes.
• The Fire Rating of each opening is determined by the Sum Total of all the Component parts of the Door Assembly, and based upon the Lowest Rated item in minutes. All items must be rated equally (All 90 min = 90 min Assembly) or (20 min glass in 90 min Door = 20 min Assembly).

Size Restrictions
If the Anemostat literature says a specific visible lite size and minute rating (i.e. 1296 sq. in., 0.836 m2 at 90 minutes with FireLite), can I use that in any brand of wood or metal door?

• No, On visible lite sizes larger than 1296 sq. in. (0.836 m2) on 20/45 min. and 100 sq. in. (0.065 m2) on 60/90/180 min. Please consult with your Door / Frame Manufacturer’s procedures, for their maximum glass size tested.
• Size limitations (in Visible Lite Sizes) depend on the product and the application. They will also be dictated by the total assembly (ie door, vision frame, glass and glazing tape).
• Please consult www.anemostat.com for the most recent Size Limitations and Technical Data information.

Fire Protective vs. Fire Resistive

What is the difference between Fire-Protective and Fire-Resistive glazing systems?

• This class includes products also rated for Acoustical performance, Blast and Bullet Resistance, and they are typically suitable where building codes require an assembly designated “fire resistant” to enclose a space. Includes applications requiring a 60-minute or greater fire rating that must meet temperature-rise criteria, such as stairwells, exit access corridors, or other fire barriers dividing interior construction. In these instances, the IBC requires the temperature rise on the non-fire side of the glass not to exceed 250 degrees Fahrenheit above the ambient temperature at the end of the fire test (generally 60 or 120 minutes). Such glass must also pass the hose stream test.
• Designed for materials or assemblies that have withstood a fire exposure as established in accordance with the test procedures such as NFPA 251 / ASTM E-119 / UL 263. This rating tests a product’s ability to block the transfer of conductive and radiant heat from a fire.
• Due to the need for special cutting and processing equipment, delivery must be direct from the manufacturer. This extended lead-time is a consideration if glass requires immediate replacement. With a typical thickness of at least 3/4”, frames and glazing “stops” may require modification to ensure proper assembly

Fire Protective glass products include:

Product	Description	Fire Rating	Safety Rating	Typical Application(s)	LoPro-STC Rating
	FireSAFE-20 1/4″ (6mm) Specialty Tempered, Clear	20 minutes	CPSC Cat. II ANSI Z97.1-2004 U A	DOORS – 20 min up to max. size tested	N/A
	SAFE-Wire 1/4″ (6mm) Safety Wired Glass with surface applied safety film	20-90 min.	CPSC Cat. II ANSI Z97.1-2004 U A	DOORS –20 to 45 min. up to max. size tested / 60 to 90 min. up to 100 sq. in. / SIDELITES, TRANSOMS and WINDOWS – 45 min	STC-38 with LoPro-AA1-STC
	FireLite 3/16″ (5mm) Ceramic, Clear	20-90 min	NONE	TRANSOMS and WINDOWS where safety is not a requirement 20 to 90 min to max size tested	N/A
	FireLite-NT 3/16″ (5mm) Ceramic, Clear with surface applied safety film	20-180 min.	CPSC Cat. II ANSI Z97.1-2004 U A	DOORS – 20 to 180 min. up to max. size tested / SIDELITES, TRANSOMS and WINDOWS – 45 to 90 min to max size tested	STC-35 with LoPro-AA1-STC
	FireLite Plus 5/16″ (8mm) Laminated Ceramic Safety	20-180 min.	CPSC Cat. II ANSI Z97.1-2004 U A	DOORS – 20 to 180 min up to max. size tested / SIDELITES, TRANSOMS and WINDOWS – 45 to 90 min to max size teste	STC-38 with LoPro-AA1-ST
	FireLite IGU 1″ (25mm) Insulated, Clear Ceramic and Tempered	20-180 min.	CPSC Cat. II ANSI Z97.1-2004 U A	DOORS – 20 to 180 min. up to max. size tested / SIDELITES, TRANSOMS and WINDOWS – 45 to 90 min to max size tested	STC-42 with LoPro-BB1-STC

Fire Resistive glass products include:

Product	Description	Fire Rating	Safety Rating	Bullet Resistance	LoPro-STC Rating
	Pyrostop Multi-Laminate Clear Glass 3/4″ (19mm) to 2 3⁄8″ (62mm)	DOORS – 45 to 120 min, based on thickness and max size tested. WALLS, SIDELITES and TRANSOMS – 45 to 120 min to max. size tested	CPSC Cat. II	Level 1 – 1 1⁄16″ (27mm) w/Film Level 2 – 1 9⁄16″ (40mm) w/Film Level 2 – 2 3⁄16″ (56mm) IGU Level 3 – 2 7⁄16″ (62mm) IGU w/Film	STC-41 Pyrostop 7/8″ (23mm) 60-101 with LoPro-BB1-STC

Bullet • Blast • Impact

Threat Exposure: There are three threats regarding window glass and glazing systems. Forced Entry, Ballistic and Explosive Blast Attacks.

Safety: Provides for the reduction of the risk or occurrence of injury, loss or death from accidental or natural causes.

Security: Provides for the reduction of the risk or occurrence of injury, loss or death from the intentional actions of man.

UL Protection Level Ratings

• Levels for Bullet-Resistant systems have been established by UL (Underwriters Laboratory), the primary testing organization for materials used in these systems. While ratings extend to Level 8, the needs of most banks, credit unions, and convenience stores are well covered in Levels 1-3.

Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) 752 Ratings of Bullet Resistant Materials

UL Level	Weapon	Description	Ammunition	Grain (g)	Min FPS	Max FPS	# of Shots
1		9mm Full Metal Copper Jacket with Lead Core		124 (8.00)	1175	1293	3
2		.357 Magnum Jacket Lead Soft Point		158 (10.20)	1250	1375	3
3		.44 Magnum Lead Semi-Wadcutter Gas Checked		240 (15.60)	1350	1485	3
4		.30 Caliber Rifle Lead Core Soft Point		180 (11.70)	2540	2794	1
5		7.62mm Rifle Lead Core Full Metal Copper Jacket, Military Ball		150 (9.70)	2750	3025	1
6		9mm Full Metal Copper Jacket with Lead Core		124 (8.00)	1400	1540	5
7		5.56mm Rifle Full Metal Copper Jacket with Lead Core		55 (3.56)	3038	3388	5
8		7.62mm Rifle Lead Core Full Metal Copper Jacket, Military Ball		150 (9.70)	2750	3025	5

Ballistic Protection Level Ratings

• Total system of frame, door and glazing material must absorb the energy from the projectile.
• Framing system must also stop the potential threat and retain the glazing system during attack. Bullet resistant glazing in a non-certified frame will not ensure the desired level of protection.
• Ballistic glazing certified to meet a ballistic standard, must be retained in a certified framing system

What about Forced Entry?

• Is the attempted penetration of a door, window and walls using a wide variety of tools.
• Tools may include, but are not limited to sledge hammers, pry bars, wood splitting mauls, fire axes, battering rams, gasoline, acetone, propane torches and CO2 fire extinguishers.
• Standards include ASTM F1233 for glazing material, ASTM F588 for windows, and ASTM F476 for doors. These standards have multiple levels of ratings based on the severity of the threat.

Glazing is not required by code to:

1. Resist any certain level of burglary attempts – Forced Entry Resistance
2. Defeat projectile penetration – Ballistic Resistance
3. To defeat and maintain integrity from explosive effects – Blast Resistance

– These utilize independent testing laboratories test methods and standards that subject glazing to these specialized classifications of attack.

Product	Description	Thickness	Bullet Resistant	Forced Entry Test
	Lexan MR-10 Polycarbonate	1/8″ (3mm) 1/4″ (6mm) 3/8″ (10mm) 1/2″ (13mm) Clear	NA	Burglary Resisting to UL 972
	MP-750 Laminated Polycarbonate	3/4″ (19mm) Clear	Level 1 (9mm) per UL 752	N/A
	MP-1000 Laminated Polycarbonate	1″ (25mm) Clear	Level 2 (.357 magnum) per UL 752	HPW-TP-0500.02 Level IV (Step 52) ASTM F-1233-08 – Contraband Class II (Step 11) – Body Passage Class V (Step 41)
	SP-1250 Laminated Polycarbonate	1-5/16″ (33mm) Clear	Level 3 (.44 magnum) per UL 752	HPW-TP-0500.02 Level V (Step 54) ASTM F-1233-08 – Contraband Class III (Step 20) – Body Passage Class V (Step 41) ASTM F-1915-03 – Security Grade Level 1

PLEASE NOTE: New Products may be added to this Product Category. Consult Factory for the most current information.

Explosive Blast Attacks

• Based on the deliberate or intentional acts of man. Can also be based on industrial or chemical blasts occuring in refineries, manufacturing, or R & D facilities.
• Four generalized damaging effects are generated from explosive blasts:
  1. Primary cause, or the shock or initial blast wave from the explosion.
  2. Damage from the impact of fragments from the encasement material.
  3. Hot gasses and flame igniting fires, burn victims and its subsequent damage.
  4. Ground vibrations or “seismic loading” causing effects similar to that produced by an earthquake.

Explosive Blast Testing Requirements

• Centered around the air-blast standard. Test protocol and procedures are defined by ASTM F1642-96. The standard effects the whole surface area of the test specimen, and can be reproduced without substantial variances. Standard is for testing glazing systems including those fabricated with glass, plastic, glass – clad composites, laminated glass, glass/plastic glazing materials and film-backed glass.
• Test is usually conducted in a shock tube, but can also be in an open-air arena capable of accommodating the detonation types of explosives, charge weights, peak positive, incident or reflected pressures, and encasement materials, stand-off distances and positive phase durations. Open-air arena atmospheric conditions cannot be as easily regulated as in the chamber. Another advantage of the shock tube test is replicating secondary rebounding pressures and durations, more commonly associated with high-rise urban environments.

This information not intended to be utilized for the interpretation of building codes, regulations, or statutes governing security glazing. Information contained herein is subject to change in accordance with manufacturer’s product line updates as well as building industry regulations.

X-Ray Glass

Tell me about X-RAY GLASS

Medical X-Ray View Window Design Requirements: NCRP #49 requires under Radiographic Installations 5.3.2. “Provision shall be made for the operator to observe and communicate with the patient from a shielded position at the control panel. When an observation window is provided it shall have a lead equivalence at least equal to that required of the partition (or the door) in which it is located.”

• AIA and FGI (Facility Guidelines Institute) Guidelines for Design and Construction of Health Care Facilities requires under Shielded Control Alcoves 5.5.4.4. “Each X-Ray room shall include a shielded control alcove. This area shall be provided with a view window designed to provide full view of the examination table and the patient at all times, including full view of the patient when the table is in the tilt position or the chest x-ray is in use. The window(s) should be at least 18” x 18” (457 x 457mm) and centered 60” (1.5m) above the finished floor.”

*Please Note the above uses of the word “shall” is a requirement, and use of the word “should” is a recommendation

X-Ray Glass for Radiation Shielding: Is specifically formulated to efficiently attenuate and protectively shield against X-Ray Gamma Radiation by using a combination of a heavy density and a high content blend of heavy oxides and minerals for maximum radiation resistant shielding performance while utilizing optimum glass thickness mass, while providing excellent optical clarity and a non-browning optimal level of light transmission. Is code compliant, radiation life and safety protection for the medical technician and allows an excellent clear view of the patient during critical medical diagnostic imaging procedures.

Lead Shielding Equivalences: X-Ray Glass is readily available in 4# and 8#. Higher ratings available on request.

X-Ray Safety Glass is Permanently Labeled: Provides required impact resistance for use In doors or walls or for additional seismic safety. Provides a clear view, while shielding X-Ray/Gamma radiation, and 95% of UV protection. X-Ray Safety Glass is NOT fire-rated, tempered, impact proof, shatter proof or scratch resistant. Fire-rated designs are usually available upon request.

Visible Light Transmission: Glass transparency results may vary depending upon X-Ray glass thickness, glass composition, light frequency, spectrum, and or sources such as natural sunlight, UV, incandescent, florescent, halogen, sodium, mercury, metal halide or LED and light transmission measurement methods and controls.

Lead Equivalence: Lead has the property of blocking/ absorbing x-ray radiation due to its high density. Various thicknesses of pure lead provide different levels of protection or attenuation (reducing the Intensity of radiation passing through) as material under specified conditions. The protection provided by this type of sheeting is compared with that of pure lead and referred to as “Lead Equivalence”. Lead equivalence as specified for materials used in diagnostic X-Ray rooms is measured at 150 kV (X-Ray beam dosimetry defined as “distribution of radiation emitted from a source of ionizing radiation”) unless indicated otherwise.

All calculations for shielding requirements should be determined by a qualified health radiation physicist currently recognized by the state in which the project occurs

X-Ray Protection Glazing Products

ADA Standards / Glazing – Wood Doors

Americans with Disability Act – 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design

The 2010 ADA Standards, as adopted by the Department of Justice (DOJ) in September 2010, became mandatory on March 15, 2012. DOJ is allowing immediate use of these standards as an alternative to its original 1991 standards but requires that the selected standard be applied consistently to a project. DOJ’s ADA standards apply to facilities covered by the ADA, including places of public accommodation, commercial facilities, and state and local government facilities. They do not apply to transportation facilities, including bus stops and rail stations, which are subject to similar standards issued by the Department of Transportation.

What does ADA say about Vision Frame placement?

404.2.11 Vision Lights. Door, gates, and side lights adjacent to doors or gates, containing one or more glazing panels that permit viewing through the panels shall have the bottom of at least one glazed panel located 43 inches (1090 mm) maximum above the finish floor.

EXCEPTION: Vision lights with the lowest part more than 66 inches (1676 mm) from the finish floor or ground shall not be required to comply with 404.2.11.

What about Glazing in Wood Doors?

Does it have to be factory installed?…Read and Decide

NFPA-80-2013, 4.4.3.1 reads: For new wood doors, glazing materials in vision panels shall be installed in labeled glass light kits or in accordance with the fire door listing and shall be installed in accordance with inspection service procedure and under label service.

What this means is that all glass in new wood doors must be installed either by the door manufacturer, or in a licensed door shop, following the procedures and instructions of both the door manufacturer and light kit manufacturer. It also ensures that all components of the glazed assembly in the new wood door have been properly installed per the manufacturer’s follow-up service procedure.

PLEASE NOTE: This does not apply to Steel Doors.

Hose Stream Test

Why is the “fire hose stream” (thermal shock) test so important?

• In real world fires, the glass and framing systems that have been exposed to the heat of flames will most likely be subjected to water from a fire hose, sprinklers or fire extinguishers.
• When one area of the glass/ framing system is hot while another area is cool, stress on the glass, or thermal shock occurs. Since the glass is expanding and contracting at the same time, the glass can shatter and vacate the frame, allowing for fire or smoke to spread. The Hose Stream Test Is to verify the integrity of the complete glass, frame and door system.
• NFPA 257 states, “The Hose Stream Test provides a method for evaluating the integrity of constructions and assemblies and for eliminating inadequate materials or constructions. The cooling, impact, and erosion effects of the Hose Stream provide tests of the integrity of the specimen being evaluated.” In the United States, the Hose Stream Test is required for all fire ratings of 45 minutes or greater. Canada requires the test for all fire ratings. The Hose Stream Test is an integral part of many Fire Testing standards such as ASTM E 119.
• Building and Fire Codes are very clear on why the Hose Stream Test is critical, and recent proposals to eliminate the test have been soundly defeated. The International Code Council (ICC) has re-affirmed the importance of the Hose Stream Test for life and property safety, on many occasions. Responding to proposals by a product manufacturer to lessen or eliminate the test requirements, in 2006 the ICC’s Fire Safety Code Development Committee stated that these actions “…would reduce the level of life safety which the code has generally required and provided.” The Committee went on to note that the issue has been debated a number of times and that “it has always been defeated.” (2006 ICC Public Hearing Results, FS121-06/07 and FS107-06/07). In a more recent round of code reviews, in February 2008, the ICC rejected additional proposals to change the Hose Stream Test requirements.

Is fire-rated glass really necessary if I use sprinklers?

• IBC 2012 clarifies that fire ratings must be based solely on a material’s own performance. In section 703.4, “…the fireresistance rating of a building element, component or assembly shall be established without the use of automatic sprinklers or any other fire suppression system…”
• While sprinklers help to save lives, they are no substitute for the use of passive fire-rated glazing materials. If sprinklers do not activate due to faulty manufacturing, loss of water pressure, or any other reasons, fire-rated glass will still perform its critical function.

What about a fire rated product with several limitations on its use?

• Architects and designers should always be wary of product “listings” that carry what appear to be unusual limitations. Although NFPA standards are very clear that both the fire test and hose stream test are required, one fire-rated glazing material on the market indicates a fire rating of “60 minutes”, but then goes on to say, “This product does not meet the hose stream requirements of the test standards”. And, “This product protects from fire from one direction only. The identified face MUST be installed facing the direction of expected fire attack.” Such limitations should raise red flags, and prove how important it is to thoroughly check out products thoroghly to insure how a laboratory “listed” product may not be exactly what you thought it might be. This manufacturer also asks Architects and Specifiers to seek local exemptions to well established national testing requirements and building codes, in order to install this product in buildings.

Why We Sell Fire Rated Glass & Vision Panels!

More Questions? More Questions? . . . .. Visit www.anemostat.com for all your Door Glazing Solutions